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You are here: Home / Others / Children’s formant

Children’s formant

January 6, 2011 by Allen H Simon Leave a Comment


University researchers, always mindful of the next tenure review, are studying children’s voices:

Choir boys, and more recently choir girls, have been enchanting congregations for centuries with their distinctive voices.

Professor David Howard, from the University of York, thinks there is more to the choristers’ sound than meets the ear.

Working with music trainer Jenevora Williams, from Guildford, he has been trying to pin down exactly what it is in the singers’ voices that make them sound so special.

This report, as well as the research, lumped boys’ and girls’ voices together, even though there are many musicians who believe that they sound quite different and often have a strong preference for one over the other. Anyway, their results:

And he has found that when choir boys and girls sing, particularly soloists, whose voices can soar above the rest of the choir, certain frequencies peak again and again.

He says: “In our experiments it looks as if that particular ‘ring’ is happening above the normal speech area, in the region up around 8,000 Hz, where there is something appearing when you get this really shimmery sound.

This sounds suspiciously like the “singers’ formant” we learned about in vocal pedagogy class back in the Pleistocene, although that was more in the 2500Hz range. In the rat race of academia, though, I guess you need small victories. And now the frequencies are analyzed using “special software” rather than with an oscilloscope like in the olden days, so it’s all new and exciting.

There was something of a selection bias, too: they chose singers to study who had a “shimmery sound” or “sparkle factor”, which sounds like a layman’s way of describing an 8000-Hz overtone. Their description of that sound as “communicating with the soul” and “going from the brain of a singer to the brain of a listener” is so much cultural bias and personal preference dressed up as science. How depressing. 


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Comments

  1. Richard Mix says

    January 13, 2011 at 2:34 am

    >many musicians who believe that [boys and girls] sound quite different and often have a strong preference for one over the other.
     
    This “strong preference” tends to go along with strong resistance to curtained auditions.   Allen, are you aware of any ‘believers’ who have demonstrated they can even tell them apart in blind tests?   The BBC site links to a report on study showing a success rate of 53%, but doesnt say how subjects were selected or what the margin of error was.
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  2. Jane Becktel says

    January 7, 2011 at 7:59 pm

    You are right – how depressing.
     
    And this; And in the future, Professor Howard thinks it could even help scientists to develop a synthetic choir.
     
    What a waste of taxpayer money.   Don’t scientists have better things to research?
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  3. John Howell says

    January 7, 2011 at 5:23 pm

    Actually, Allen, this is in the nature of what would be called in the trade a “preliminary study,” and for such a study one normally WOULD try to draw subjects from a population that exhibits the desired characteristics, to establish first that those characteristics exist, and second to form an hypothesis as to WHY they might exist.
     
    The next step would be a larger study that involves a control group, and that’s where experimental design gets tricky.  You try to control for every factor except the single one you want to study, so your subjects are “equal” in every other way.  And that’s the stage at which differences between boys’ and girls’ voices would of necessity be studied.  But first you have to figure out WHAT to study, or what to look for.  (The same process of subject selection has bedeviled a number of otherwise valid studies of perfect pitch, for example, because the subjects were self-selected as claiming that they did, in fact, have perfect pitch.  It’s always very difficult to do just one thing!!!)
     
    But one would certainly expect to find a different formant in children’s voices than in adult voices.  How could it be otherwise?  A piccolo does not sound like a flute, nor a Bb clarinet like a contrabass clarinet!
     
    All the best,
    John
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  4. John Wexler says

    January 7, 2011 at 12:44 pm

    Quite right. The report that you’ve found is ignorant twaddle. I heard it on the radio yesterday morning, and reacted exactly as you have. To be fair, though, it probably doesn’t represent Professor Howard’s research. It was a piece put together by BBC journalists (who don’t seem to have been in the least interested either in choral singing or in acoustics) as a filler to be presented by John Humphreys, whose speciality is aggressive probing interviews of evasive politicians, but who likes an occasional slot when he can show himself as affable or cultured. When he doesn’t know what he’s talking about, he generally covers by adopting a condescending tone. In this case, he managed to avoid asking anything significant about the research, so we have no idea what David Howard is working on, or what he’s discovered, except that it involves choirboys and an anechoic chamber.
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